Lagos, Nigeria – Lassa fever has claimed 118 lives in Nigeria in the first quarter of 2025, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has reported. The alarming number of fatalities comes as the country battles a significant outbreak of the disease, which has affected 33 states across the nation.

From January to March 2025, Nigeria recorded 3,465 suspected cases of Lassa fever, with 645 confirmed cases through laboratory testing. The case fatality rate (CFR) stands at 18.3%, highlighting the deadly nature of the virus and its continued threat to public health.

Lassa fever, an acute viral hemorrhagic illness, is endemic to parts of West Africa. It is primarily transmitted to humans through contact with food or household items contaminated by rodent urine or feces. In some cases, human-to-human transmission can occur, especially in healthcare settings where proper infection control measures are lacking.

The NCDC has heightened its response to the outbreak, ramping up surveillance efforts, launching public awareness campaigns, and providing support to the most affected regions. However, despite these measures, the high mortality rate underscores the urgency of strengthening the country’s public health response.

This outbreak is not unprecedented, as Nigeria has experienced periodic Lassa fever epidemics. The most severe outbreak in recent history occurred in 2018, with 431 confirmed cases and numerous fatalities. The recent rise in cases signals a troubling resurgence, making it critical for authorities to remain vigilant and proactive in combating the disease.

Health experts stress the importance of preventive measures, including maintaining good hygiene practices, properly storing food in rodent-proof containers, and seeking prompt medical attention if symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and general body weakness appear. Early detection and treatment are vital in improving survival rates and reducing the fatality risk associated with the disease.

In light of the current outbreak, the NCDC continues to call for a coordinated effort from local governments, healthcare providers, and the public to prevent further spread and mitigate the impact of Lassa fever across the country.